Morality of Human Cloning Essay - 1423 Words

The novel Brave New World presents us with a vision of a future where human beings are no longer born the â€Å"natural† way but are rather manufactured in identical batches to certain specifications. Where concepts like â€Å"mother† and â€Å"father† are scatological and children are taught only to keep the order and complete their predetermined occupations. By the end of the novel Mr. Huxley has us thankful that such a world is beyond our grasp. However, with the successful cloning of a Scottish sheep named Dolly, images of a Brave New World became so much closer to reality. Even just the word clone can summon dark images of lines of identical individuals with bar codes tattooed on their necks walking in lock-step fashion and it is due in no small†¦show more content†¦Can we not also add a cloned child to the roster and still be ignorant of their origin? As unnerving as it might appear the method of procreation is completely arbitrary, more so ought w e to be concerned with the intent of procreation if we must lay a blame. Physically a cloned child is no different from you or me but can we say that the child is any less human from extra-physical loss? Whether or not a clone would be less than human begs us that we ought first discern what it is that defines a person as a person. Detailing free will and individualistic identity necessitate the ability to be self-aware and to make decisions without requiring outside influence which, compose the basis of what delineates a human person. The problem of identity sometimes arises with identical twins in that we many times ascertain them to be the same person due merely to their often indistinguishable appearance. Experience however tells us that even though they have the same genetic profile they constitute discrete identities. A clone, against our intuitions, would not have the same identity as the one from whom they were cloned and additionally even were one to take a person and subj ect them to one scenario they would end up completely different than if you had subjected them in aShow MoreRelated The Opposition to Human Cloning: How Morality and Ethics Factor in2864 Words   |  12 PagesThe Opposition to Human Cloning: How Morality and Ethics Factor in If a random individual were asked twenty years ago if he/she believed that science could clone an animal, most would have given a weird look and responded, â€Å"Are you kidding me?† However, that once crazy idea has now become a reality, and with this reality, has come debate after debate about the ethics and morality of cloning. Yet technology has not stopped with just the cloning of animals, but now many scientists are contemplatingRead MoreHow Technology Is Causing The Decline Of Morality1158 Words   |  5 Pagesduring the 21st century, and with advances like cloning, society’s morality begins to be questioned. The film Blade Runner and short story â€Å"Margin of Error† bring up questions of morality related to technology, and I will use these works as reference to strengthen my arguments. The continuous evolution of technology is causing the decline of morality in society. You do not have to look into the future to witness the effects of technology on morality, in fact you can look around the world todayRead MoreThe Benefits Of Human Reproductive Cloning989 Words   |  4 PagesIn measuring the benefits, human reproductive cloning would be advantageous to the well-being of humans and because it is a fulfillment of personal autonomy. Firstly, this technique is a sound method for infertile couples to have a genetically related ‘child’ and it is a method to provide a patient medical treatment in a form of gene therapy or organ transplants (Hayry 2003). Secondly, the value of personal self-governance has been emphasized by human traditions in which the liberty of individualsRead MoreEscape from Spiderhead by Dr. Abnesti Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagesinvention of cloning technology, more and more arguments about the developing pattern and power gained from such a development worried people globally. No doubt that the rapid developm ent did provide us numerous conveniences and improving our life greatly, though, in regard to the increasing acknowledgment that people have from our nature, and the unpredictable human nature, likewise Dr. Abnesti in the fiction story, Escape from Spiderhead. From my pass readings and experiences, I think that human needRead MoreShould We Need A New Technology?1196 Words   |  5 PagesNoel Prof. Christakis November ,9, 2014 Dahli Lama Essay In the essay by Dhali Lama, Lama talks about how our morality should have something to do with our advancements in technology, and how we should use moral components such as compassion when we make a new development or technology. New technology such as cloning, genetic plant modification, and changing the DNA of a human embryo in order to get the ideal baby can have some long lasting effects on us, because each and everyone of themRead More Cloning: Is It Ethical? Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesCloning: Is It Ethical? Science today is developing at warp speed. We have the capability to do many things, which include the cloning of actual humans! First you may ask what a clone is? A clone is a group of cells or organisms, which are genetically identical, and have all been produced from the same original cell. There are three main types of cloning, two of which aim to produce live cloned offspring and one, which simply aims to produce stem cells and then human organs. These three are:Read MoreThe Ethics of Cloning Essay example1453 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ethics of Cloning On February 27, 1997, it was reported that scientists produced the first clone of an adult sheep, attracting international attention and raising questions on the morality of cloning. Within days, the public had called for ethics inquires and new laws banning cloning. Issues are now raised over the potentially destructive side of this scientific frontier. Many people are morally opposed to the possible consequences of women being able to give birth to themselves, or scientistsRead MoreEssay The Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research1409 Words   |  6 Pagesto better the lives of those living, but at what cost? In their articles â€Å"Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of Pro and Con,† by author Dan W. Brock; â€Å"The Ethical Implications of Guman Cloning,† by Michael J. Sandel; â€Å"Theriputic Human Cloning Is Ethical,† by Ian Wilmut and Roger Highfield; and various other articles, each author discusses his or her view on the morality of stem cell research a nd its use for human cloning. Kantian deontology is defined as treating the individual as more than a meansRead MorePersonhood Refereed As Self Awareness Theory872 Words   |  4 Pagesdeveloped by a philosopher, DeGrazia, in his book of Great Apes. The theory explains two concepts that define who a human is. The first concept is intentional doing; if a person is able to do things internationally then he or she qualifies to be a human according to the theory. The founder of this theory states that this is the main reason why chimpanzees are not categorized as human beings (DeGrazia 38). Applying it in the book, Kathy was making her decisions intentionally. For example, she decidedRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Philosophy On The Morality And Ethical Nature Of The Subject1507 Words   |  7 PagesLooking at anything through the lens of different philosophical ideologies will show a variety of differing opinions on the morality or ethical nature of the subject. Cloning can be viewed a few different ways based on the teachings in philosophy one follows. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a branch of philosophy, which bases its understanding of right action on consequences. More precisely, an act is considered right if it creates the most happiness (pleasure), and the least pain, for the greatest

Public Budgeting- Revenue Sources Free Essays

Three revenue sources in public budgeting Property Tax: Property tax can be defined as a levy that the government issues on a person’s property. The value assessed to the property is taxed. Revenue of local governments like cities and counties are derived from property taxes. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Budgeting- Revenue Sources or any similar topic only for you Order Now The revenue is used for administration in government and expenses concerning law enforcement, paramedics etc. ; and also to fund courts in local governments and helps for the payment of services which include civic centers, community programs, libraries, parks and recreation, and schools. Property taxes are also often used to pay some state programs such as Medicaid (in New York for example) and also to provide public assistance such as assistance to needy family (TANF), child welfare services and other social services such as supported employment, adult protective services, domestic violence and personal care assistance. This revenue can also be tracked in public safety like in juvenile detention, probation services and other mandates (corrections/ county jail, law library in county jail, staffing for state and county court, prosecution services, community colleges etc. ). Property tax revenue can be tracked in many ways, it depends on each state but all states generally use these revenues to fund almost the same programs. Intergovernmental Revenue: Intergovernmental revenue is the funds obtained from other governments. These funds usually include grants, taxes which are shared, and contingent loans and advances. Here, funding emanates from all governments (federal, state and local governments). â€Å"Financial arrangements for funding and delivering intergovernmental services can be complex according to the variability of government structure, organization, roles and responsibilities. For example, government support concerning elementary and secondary schools includes direct funds from the federal government that are passed through state and local governments to local educational agencies† (www. gao. gov). There are also funds allocated to cover costs for elementary and secondary education, these funds include the rent on school buildings for example. Charges for services: Charges for services are defined as customers’ charges and others charges coming from governmental and business activities. Charges for services within the governmental activities category include items such as licenses and permits (for example, business licenses and building permits), fines and forfeits, and operating special assessments sometimes charged for services provided outside the normal service area or beyond the normal level of services. Charges to other governments for services such as incarceration of prisoners also are reported in the Charges for Services column† (Kattelus Reck, 2007). These charges include various services rendered within the states for example park entrance fees, document fees, court-filling fees etc. It also implies any government which purchases, uses or benefits from goods and services provided. References Wilson, E. R. , Kattelus, S. C. , Reck, J. L. (2007). Accounting for governmental and nonprofit entities. (14th ed. ). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin. http://www. gao. gov/special. pubs/longterm/state/intergovrevenue. html How to cite Public Budgeting- Revenue Sources, Essay examples

The Analysis of the Communication Protocol Sample for Students

Questions: 1.What is a Protocol in the Context of Communication Network? Describe the purpose of Protocol analysis. Your answer should Contain Description of a real-time situation where Protocol analyser can be used. List any three popular protocol analyzer solutions currently available in the Market. 2.You are asked to visit a Pharmaceutical Company to help troubleshoot some Network Connectivity Problems. The Companys network consists of 11 Workstations connected by a single 24 port hub. The Company Manager describes the problem as consistent and explains that every Morning there is a five minute delay to Connect to the main Server. The Manager Indicates that every user on the network has the same problem. Using your Protocol analyzer where would you tap into this network and why? Explain how this network is different to Modern Networks.3.As a Network administrator for a medium sized company, you have been asked to design a network by utilizing 10.0.0.0 private IP address. The Network will spa n six buildings with a router in each building to join the networks. Currently, the Company has approximately a total of 1,000 workstations in the following locations: Building A - 200 workstations Building B - 125 workstations Building C - 135 workstations Building D - 122 workstations Building E - 312 workstations 4.Explain the purpose of QoS on a TCP/IP network. Define the basic Purpose and differentiate between IP precedence, TOS, ECN and Diffserv Functionalities. Answers: 1.The communication protocol is basically a set of rules that deals with two or more entities in the communication system (Manbachi et al., 2014). The entities transfer the data through a variety of physical quantities. The protocol or the set rules provides the definitions of the semantics and the syntax for the communications. It also helps in recovery from the error. The protocol is imposed by either the hardware or the software or by collaboration of both the hardware and the software. The protocols are available I the telecommunication network at various levels. There has been a set of rules that are defined for the hardware level. The OSI model also has a set of rules at every level. The protocols are recognized and followed by both ends of the connection. The analysis of the protocol is an experimental method. It is used for collecting the evidences of the transitional states. The system is generally concerned with the utilization of the methods in the functions for the calculations. The analyzer is basically a program or a collection of the hardware that are traffic passing or logging at any part of the digital network. The network probe is an analyzer of the protocols that can monitor the real time network traffic. The analyzer is used for identifying the sources for which the network lags. 2.The hub has been an easy tool to hook up anywhere in-line with the server (Khalaf et al., 2017). This is because of the packets that are arriving at a single point would generally spread over the other parts of the network. The traffic that is being transferred can be observed by all the ports in the hub. The network where only the hubs are present and there is no switch or router in the network, the data would be visible to all the nodes in the network. The analyzer then could be plugged in at any point on the network. In the provided scenario the pharmaceutical firm comprises of 11 workstation that are connected to a hub consisting of 24 ports. And in addition to this to tap into the network a switch is to be used. This can be done as the packets can be transmitted only to the devices that are connected to the port with their MAC addresses. The machines could be connected with the help of the switch and with their MAC addresses. The benefits of the switch would be: With the help of the switch any type of hub can split and connected to various server ports. The switch has capabilities to monitor the network. The real scenarios of the modern world has made the switches different and very essential to use. The following differences could be identified in between the distance routing vector and the link state routing (Garcia-Luna-Aceves, 2014): The link state routing is faster than the distance vector in converging. The distance vector is more robust than the link state. The link state is simpler than the distance vector. The infrastructural requirements of the link state is more than the distance vector. The distance vector uses the Bellman-Ford algorithm. While the link state uses the shortest path first algorithm. The link state supports the class less as well as the class full subnets, whereas the distance vector only supports the class-full routine. The link state can create neighbor table, topology table and the routing table whereas the distance vector can create only the routing table. The distance vector has lower memory requirements than the link state. The configuration of the distance vector is easier than the link state. The example of the link state are IS-IS, OSPF. The example of the distance vector are IGRP and RIP. Figure: Distance Vector and Link State Source: (created by Author) 3.Class subnet mask = 255.0.0.0 Binary notation = 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000. The 1s in the subnet mask are bits that designate the network address. The 0s in the subnet mask are host address bits. Number of hosts in the subnet = 16777214. Sum of 2048 possible subnets = 1111111111111. 255=11111111 number of subnet masks is the standard one. Subnet mask for the network = 255.255.248.0 or /21 The binary address =11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000. Total number of 2048 possible host IP addresses in every subnet. =1111111111111. Hence, number of IP addresses per subnet used for hosts over the network is 2048 - 2 = 2046.Thus the total number of allowable hosts technically possible is 2046. Therefore, it would not be a problem even if the number of host per network is more than 1024 per building. 4.The QoS is the Quality of Service of a TCP/IP network (Beloglazov Buyya, 2013). It is the set of rule which sets the priority of the different type of operations on the network. It assigns the particular task to the particular points on the network. In addition to it provides the order of priority according to the MAC addresses of the systems. The QoS also monitors the system performances. There are various kind of header fields. IP precedence is one of the header fields. IP precedence is a field in the IP data packets. It basically provides the status of the packet. The IP precedence provides the order of the priority of the packets. The IP precedence are defined as following: 111- Network Control 110- Internetwork Control 101- Critic/ECP 011- Flash Override 010- Immediate 001-Priority 000-Routine In addition to this, the TOS means the type of Services. It is also one of the header fields. But unlike the IP Precedence it provides the type of services for the data packets. It is 8 bits while the IP Precedence is only 3 bits. Other header files are the ECN and the Diffserv fields. The ECN is the explicit congestion notification. It provides the congestion notifications for the data packets. It consists of only 0 or 1 bits. Diffserv is the differentiated services of the computer networks. It basically performs the task of differentiating the types of services of the networks and the data packets. IT is usually 7-2 bits. References Beloglazov, A., Buyya, R. (2013). Managing overloaded hosts for dynamic consolidation of virtual machines in cloud data centers under quality of service constraints. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 24(7), 1366-1379. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. J. (2014, September). Name-based content routing in information centric networks using distance information. In Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Information-centric networking (pp. 7-16). ACM. Hemmati, E., Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. J. (2015, September). A new approach to name-based link-state routing for information-centric networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Information-Centric Networking (pp. 29-38). ACM. Khalaf, A. M., El Salam, M. S. A., Ahmed, K. A. (2017, February). Investigation of different ethernet wiring and different frame size to enhance the performance of LAN. In Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2017 19th International Conference on (pp. 787-796). IEEE. Manbachi, M., Nasri, M., Shahabi, B., Farhangi, H., Palizban, A., Arzanpour, S., ... Lee, D. C. (2014). Real-time adaptive VVO/CVR topology using multi-agent system and IEC 61850-based communication protocol. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 5(2), 587-597. Prete, L. R., Schweitzer, C. M., Shinoda, A. A., de Oliveira, R. L. S. (2014, June). Simulation in an SDN network scenario using the POX Controller. In Communications and Computing (COLCOM), 2014 IEEE Colombian Conference on (pp. 1-6). IEEE. TamasSelicean, D., Pop, P., Steiner, W. (2015, April). Timing analysis of rate constrained traffic for the TTEthernet communication protocol. In Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC), 2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on (pp. 119-126). IEEE. Wu, J., Chen, L., Feng, Y., Zheng, Z., Zhou, M. C., Wu, Z. (2013). Predicting quality of service for selection by neighborhood-based collaborative filtering. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 43(2), 428-439.