Thw Right To Elect Trial By Jury in Hong King Essay

Thw Right To Elect Trial By Jury in Hong King - Essay Example Hong Kong retained the right of jury trial in its Basic Law (Hong Kong Basic Law, 1997, Article 86). However, a recent decision by the Hong Kong Court of Appeal and the Final Court of Appeal in Chiang Lily v Secretary for Justice (2009 and 2010 respectively) confirm that the right to a jury trial in Hong Kong is not an absolute right. This paper analyzes the decision of Chiang Lily, specifically the determination that a right to jury trial is not an absolute right. It is argued that a right to jury trial is a fundamental right, but it is only necessary to meet the aims of justice if it can effectively serve its intended purpose. The intended purpose of a jury trial was to sustain and support the notion of a fair and public trial by one’s peers (Lai, 2010). The main question is therefore whether or not limitations on the right to a trial by jury subvert the concept of a fair and public trial. ... At the time the King sat in judgment of the courts and thus the jury system was introduced to safeguard against the risk of complete â€Å"despotism† (Spooner, 2006, p. 14). Therefore, the introduction of trial by jury was at once intended to ensure fairness and transparency of the justice system. It is therefore hardly surprising that the jury trial has been described as an â€Å"ancient right† and a â€Å"birthright† (Kingswell v R, 1985, Para. 49). Initially pressured by judges to bring a certain verdict, jurors enjoyed full and unrestrained discretion by the 16th century. Jurors was merely bound to follow their own conscience and their own understanding of the law irrespective of the judiciary’s opinion on the law or fact (Ostrowski, 2001). Thus by the 16th century, the jury system was firmly established as a bastion between corrupt officials, unfair laws and judicial pressure to interpret the facts of the case a specific way. This is the legacy that i nforms the current legal system and has done so since its inception. The Merits of Trial by Jury The merits of a jury trial and thus the rationale for preserving the trial by jury is captured in the words of Madam Justice L’Hereux-Dube of Canada’s Supreme Court. Madam Justice L’Heureux-Dube stated that: The jury, through its collective decision making, is an excellent fact finder; due to its representative character, it acts as the conscience of the community; the jury can act as the final bulwark against oppressive laws or their enforcement; it provides a means whereby the public increases its knowledge of the criminal justice system and it increases, through the involvement of the public, societal trust in the system as a whole (R v Sherratt, 1991, p. 523).

Introduction to Global Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction to Global Management - Assignment Example It is a multinational corporation since it operates in the 130 countries around the world and has employed more than 20,000 people. The products of the company are found in thousands of restaurants and supermarket freezers. Research shows that one of every three fries sold in different restaurants in the world comes from McCain and this in turn translates to one hundred million servings of the company’s fries every day (Cameron & Mike, 39). One of the strategies that McCain used to expand in China is the launch of a French fry processing plant in Harbin, the capital of North East China. This is the first processing facility in Asia and serves as the headquarters of the company in China. The construction of the plant will allow the distribution of the potatoes not only in China, but also in other North Asian markets like South Korea and Japan. This therefore makes McCain foods to be the company that is leading in the production of French fries. In addition, the company opened sales offices in Shanghai and introduced mechanical planters and diggers to the McCain way of growing potatoes. This includes the techniques used in the preparation of deep soil, and proper ways to irrigate therefore improving the quality of the yields thus increasing the margins compared to other crops. The purpose of the construction of the new plant in China was to make the company be a leader in the supply of potatoes to expand the Chinese mark et and help to meet the market demands of the country by providing products that are of high quality domestically. Moreover, the company needed to raise its presence in the big underdeveloped markets. Moreover, the spread of service retailers like the KFC and McDonald’s that have made their way extensively in the Asian markets has contributed to McCain constructing a plant in China. For new companies, it can be challenging to enter a foreign market. According to Hofstede works on global cultures, some of the challenges the Canadian

Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of globalization

Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of globalization Globalization can be defined in a variety of ways since it is a very important term as it influences the global economies. It can be defined as the movement toward communications, financial, economic, and trade integration. Globalization entails opening out beyond nationalistic and local perspectives to a wider outlook of an interdependent and interconnected world through free transfer of goods, services, and capital over national frontiers. Globalization is a term that is frequently employed to place a trend in the direction of increased flow of ideas, money, goods, and services across national borders and the resultant consolidation of the global economy (Waters 2001, pg.36). Globalization is closely related to international trade which can be defined as the exchange of goods, services, and capital across territories or national border. The increase in the international trade enhances the continuance of globalization. If there were no international trade, then apparently nations wo uld not get access to the variety of goods and services produced in different nations of the world (World Bank 2008, pg.56). It has been found that globalization does not involve unhindered labor movement, and as intimated by some economists, globalization may hurt fragile or smaller economies if practiced indiscriminately. Globalization is generally recognized as being goaded by a combination of technological, political, economic, biological and socio-cultural factors. From some other perspective, globalization can refer to the multinational circulation of languages, popular culture, or ideas by acculturation (Tomlinson 1999, pg. 123). This paper will provide an outstanding analysis of the weaknesses and strengths the term globalization. Strengths of globalization Supporters of globalization contend that globalization can possibly better the world economically by solving many problems which are deep-seated for example poverty and unemployment. According to the economic theory, increased globalization will lower the wage of unskilled labor in developed nations and raise the wage of unskilled labor within the developing nations as the two groups start to trade with each other. Globalization generates resources and encourages the transfer of ideas that can be utilized for both individual and community improvement. Among many other things, globalization makes rural economic diversification and agricultural productivity gains more achievable. Globalization also makes environmental stewardship, improved conditions of living, and food security more attainable. Due to globalization, the marginal can now get the opportunity to exhibit themselves in the world market (Bauman 1998, pg.121). Globalization encourages the industrialized nations to provide si gnificant market places for exports of poor individuals within poor countries. The global agricultural and food companies can assist the third world countries incorporate required safety, and quality practices by getting access to markets in developed nations. Since globalization means delocalization of various enterprises within the word, many people can get access to many industries and in due course globalization promotes economic growth in the global world, brings about competition among companies, enables producers and retailers to reduce the prices of various commodities so that consumers can afford them and therefore increases the demand on the commodities. Because of the increased efficiency, the welfare is raised by offering more affordable goods and services such that the purchasing power is increased. Globalization reallocates capital and labor to more efficient and effective lines of production. Globalization helps poor countries by infusions of technology and foreign ca pital which enhances economic development. The economic development due to globalization brings modern ways of connecting people, from roads to electricity to telecommunications. The global companies offer training to employees and provide time, money and talent that helps them to address needs of the community, lifting communal and individual aspirations and providing ways for accomplishing them. Since globalization brings about spreading of prosperity, it enables various countries to possess conditions in which respect for human right and democracy can flourish (Appadurai 1996, pg.65). Globalization encourages the existence of foreign direct investment. The foreign direct investment is a fundamental part of an effective and open international economic system and it acts as a chief means to development. Countries in transition, developing countries and emerging economies have realized that foreign direct investment is the source of modernization and economic development, employment and income growth. Many nations have freed up their foreign direct investment regimes and acted on other policies in order to attract investment. Foreign direct investment enhances a chief source of capital that is accompanied with up-to-date technology. It has been found that to generate this capital by domestic means is a difficult task, and even if there is a possibility to generate it locally, importing the essential technology from abroad would still be a difficult task. This is because, the transfer of technology to companies without prior experience of how to use it, is expensive, difficult, and risk. Foreign direct investment forms many externalities over along period of time in the form of benefits existing to the entire economy. These comprise of upgrading the telecommunication services, establishment of trading and finance related networks, creation of modern accounting and management methods, industrial upgrading, work experience necessary for labor force, and specific technologies and general knowledge in production and distribution. The foreign direct investment in services has a great influence on the competitiveness of the host country as it raises the productivity of capital hence enabling the host nation to attract new capital on encouraging terms. Foreign direct investment brings about the existence of services that can be utilized as strategic inputs within the traditional export sector so that to expand the volume of trade as well as to upgrade production through process and product innovation. Foreign direct investment finds its application in the economically developing countries. For the 90s decade, foreign direct investment was among the chief external sources of funding for many countries that were experiencing growth in the economic perspective. Foreign direct investment has aided many countries during the time of economic hardships. For instance, in some nations of East Asia, it was seen that during the fiscal problems of 1997 to 1998 the amount of foreign direct investment that was made in these countries was reasonably steady. Foreign direct investment promotes the creation of new employment opportunities in a given country, and it enhances the increase of salaries for the workers. Due to this, many people have led better lifestyles and have obtained many crucial facilities in life (Featherstone et al. 1995, pg.76). The biggest significance of globalization in the global world is the rise in competition, which has in turn benefited many nations worldwide in terms of economic advancement. Competition has a positive influence both on the well being of consumers and on the economy of a country as a whole. It has been seen that competition bolsters international competitiveness and productivity of the business sector and as well it enhances economic growth and dynamic markets. Due to globalization, the whole world has become just like a country simply because people are allowed to cross the national frontiers into foreign countries. The advance in technology has also encouraged a lot of interaction between different nations of the world. As most of the countries in the global world remain in touch with economic advancement in other nations, they look for alternatives to catch up with the advanced countries hence bringing about worldwide competition. Consumers have benefited a lot from completion as they obtain goods and service from their retailers and producers at competitive prices. When the prices for goods and services in a given country are higher than those in the foreign countries because of lack of competition between the markets, the firms well become less competitive and therefore suffer within the marketplace. Competition also is very important in promoting efficiency and productivity. It has been seen that, those companies faced with strong competition are persistently driven to become more productive and more efficient in the production. This is because they are aware that their competitors are persistently looking for ways to reduce the costs of production so as to gain a competitive advantage. Owing to the persistent pressure, the firms in competition ensure that efficiency and improvements in productivity are made so that they can not in their market position or even evaporate altogether. It is the process of severe competition between rivals that drives compan ies to put more effort in offering better services, quality goods, and lower prices. Competition has positive influence on innovation. Innovation is very crucial to success in todays world which is technology driven. Competition brings about pressure to different companies, encouraging them to introduce new production techniques for new products. Without the pressure, a countrys economy will lag behind other countries economies as a center of innovation hence losing international competitiveness (Michael Porter 1990, pg.120). It has been seen that globalization has got its strengths on the advancement of world economies. Many nations in the world have experienced the positive effects of globalization, for instance poverty has been reduced to greatest extent, modern and new methods of production have been realized, a good number of employment opportunities have been created, and most countries have obtained the advanced modern technology. In spite of all these benefits of globalization, it has also been found that globalization has its own negative impacts on world economies. Globalization has encouraged spread of diseases, and has brought about loss of cultural identity. Weaknesses of globalization Globalization has influenced emergency and spread of various infectious diseases. This is because people are allowed to cross the international frontiers and get into foreign countries. The free movement of people, vectors, commodities, food, decision-making power, and capital, alongside global demographic trends, has brought about the incidence infectious diseases in the place of destination. The unprecedented speed and volume of human mobility are the most blatant manifestation in todays era of globalization. The global population is seen to grow at an increased rate such that the social and economic disparities between the poor and rich countries become intense. This has brought about increased number of migrants as they search for employment opportunities to better the quality of their lives. Many demographers and political scientists have observed the twenty-first century as characterized by migrations. Migrant populations comprise the most susceptible group to emerging and reem erging communicable diseases and have been seen as the major causal factor in the worldwide spread of such infectious diseases such as the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The modern modes of transportation that enable more products and people to get to different place in the world at faster speed have also opened airways for the movement of disease vectors from one continent to another. For instance, mosquitoes can possibly cross the seas and oceans by riding in the wheel wells of an airplane. The incidence of West Nile virus in New York City in the year 1999 is a vey good example of the disease that was availed in North America by vectors transported in airplane. Beyond this transportation of disease vectors, there is evidence that global warming is causing the changes in distribution of disease vectors worldwide and therefore increasing the incidence rates of different tropical diseases like dengue and malaria. Global warming is caused by mans activities like industrialization w hich results into increased amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Individuals from rich countries have invaded poor and developing countries with the intention of establishing their firms most of which emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Therefore globalization brings about the possibility of global warming in the world. The demand for global food market as well as the movement of food from one nation to another has also been significant for food borne diseases. Global transportation of food has also raised the concern on the issue of antibiotic resistance in man. The animals that produce food products like milk and eggs are usually administered with drugs to prevent diseases and increase production. However, these drugs have been found to cause microbes to gain resistance against drugs that are used for human disease medication. Therefore due to social and economic interaction, incidences of many diseases have been caused (Giddens 1990, pg.67). Because of globalization, people from different countries throughout the world have interacted and therefore their cultures have been intermingled. The consequence of different culture coming together is to lose the cultural identity. It is true that globalization has brought about changes which threaten the application of products that are made locally. For instance, the availability of new foreign goods such as foods in market, which might even be cheaper cost wise, have displaced the local framers who from time and again have been earning a living by selling their farm produce locally. Apart from the increased availability of foreign-made products and disruption of local producers, globalization has also increased international trade that deals with cultural goods and services, for instance music, publication, and movies. The other countries are faced with difficulties in exhibiting their local cultural goods and services that they have put their effort to produce, to the global m arket and thus are unable to compete with the foreign firms. The natural consequence is that the local countries are notable to enter those areas of influence that are occupied by transnational firms of developed countries. As the trade in cultural goods and services intensifies, most of the local societies get exposed to foreign cultures. This exposure to foreign cultural products encourages changes in local traditions, cultures, and values. No consensus on the effects of globalization upon national cultures, a number of people feel that peoples contact with the foreign culture can weaken their local cultural identity (Friedman 1994, pg.123). Most of the cultures are now using the language of the dominant cultures since the foreign languages such as English is spread very fast through internet and media (Deng 2005, pg.40). English is used more frequent as compared to local languages for somebody to express himself or herself. It is true that in todays world most people cannot be ab le to reach their people by use of local folk songs and local literatures and therefore the cultural identity of the earlier generation and that of todays generation is different altogether. The native songs, tales, stories, and celebrations have been replaced with modern computer games that are produced in various continents, and therefore an individual becomes part of the global and general culture (Featherstone 1996, pg.76). Conclusion Globalization is a very important term that can be defined in a variety of ways, one of which is, the movement toward communications, financial, economic, and trade integration. Globalization is also seen to entail opening out beyond nationalistic and local perspectives to a wider outlook of an interdependent and interconnected world through free transfer of goods, services, and capital over national frontiers. It is closely related to international trade which can be defined as the exchange of goods, services, and capital across territories or national border. The increase in the international trade enhances the continuance of globalization. If there were no international trade, then apparently nations would not get access to the variety of goods and services produced in different nations of the world. Just like many other issues, globalization has got its own strengths and weakness to the global world. It has been seen that globalization has got its strengths on the advancement of world economies. Many nations in the world have experienced the positive effects of globalization, for instance poverty has been reduced to greatest extent, modern and new methods of production have been realized, a good number of employment opportunities have been created, and most countries have obtained the advanced modern technology among many other strengths. In spite of all these benefits of globalization, it has also been found that globalization has its own negative impacts on world economies. Globalization has encouraged spread of diseases, and has brought about loss of cultural identity among many other weaknesses.

Capital Punishment is Necessary :: Papers

Capital Punishment is Necessary Capital punishment is necessary in order for justice to prevail. Capital punishment is the execution of criminals for committing crimes that is in regard as so bad that death is the only acceptable punishment. Capital punishment servers to lower the murder rate, but also has value as a form of retribution. Its fairness is determined by the judicial system. As a form of punishment, it saves money when compared to a life sentence. The death penalty deters murder and puts the fear of death into would be killers. A person is less likely to kill, if he fears a possible sentence for his action. Another way the death penalty may help deter murder is the fact that if the killer is death, he or she will not be able to kill again. There are two different opinions on the death penalty. There are those who think that murders deserve to live and serve a life sentence in jail, and those who are supporters of the death penalty as a form of revenge. Both groups want to make examples out of offenders so that the threat of death will be enough to deter from capitol offenses. Some people prefer to give the murder life in prison. Others argue that the punishment does not out the crime. In support of their position, they point the fact that many prisoners do not serve their full sentence. Some prisoners even live very comfortable. Thus burdening taxpayers with the cost of their incarceration some people feel that it is ok and others feel that criminals live in prison off of other people's hard money. In the ending, criminals must think about consequences before they kill someone. To give a killer the death penalty would reassure the family of victims as well as the problems.

Topic civil war

This is to analyze American Civil War based on James McPherson’s For Cause and Comrades and Sam Watkins Company Aytch, by knowing what were the most important factors that led men to join and stay with the armies. This paper will also consider the ways in which those reasons differed between North and South, and discuss why the resolve to fight largely collapsed in the Confederacy by 1865, while it continued to endure in the North. 2. Analysis and Discussion 2. 1 In general, soldier fought for cause and comrades When people go to war they do not do it for nothing.Normally nobody wants to go to war hence going to war must have their good reasons for violating their peace. It must be for reason for cause with the belief that reason of because if more important than allowing the other person of party to continue what he or she must be doing. Tolerance is therefore no longer an option hence resolution by bringing to war is the only best option to resolve the situation. What McPher son tried to paint from his work entitled For Cause and Comrades about the reason that men and women may have in going to war. The very title is speaking for reasons in getting to war.In his work, James McPherson asks that question of the combatants on both sides of the American Civil War. With his subtitle asking the familiar question: â€Å"Why did men fight in the American Civil War? † , one could readily agree that author purposely finds real reason why people go the war. The thesis therefore of this his book is that men and women go to war for cause and for comrade. Allowing the more important word to absorb the less significant one would have reduce the title into War for Cause since doing for comrades is for cause as well.He must have therefore his own reasons for choosing the title and there might be a need for special emphasis for comrades. Hence, McPherson must have been arguing that the main title states the two most important reasons: a cause moved each of them to enlist, but cohesiveness among comrades sustained them to the end. The author reported to have turned the pages of the diaries and letters of 647 Union and 429 Confederate soldiers, and he followed a simple method by categorizing the reasons and inserting four quotations from letters or diaries for each category.It may be noted that about each soldier, McPherson provided basic information: whether the soldier fought for the Union or the Confederacy, and when and to whom he wrote. His comments on each set of quotations are thin. His typical entry, early in the first chapter: quoted â€Å"I am sick of war,† as written by a Confederate officer to his wife in 1863, and of the severance from the dearest objects of life–his family. 2. 3 Resulting answers based McPherson's researchMcPherson's work was able to extract fourteen key answers as reasons for going to war and these include martial enthusiasm, comradeship, character, and discipline and leadership religion. Other rea sons include defense of homeland and preservation of the union. While further reasons include: liberty, slavery, vengeance, duty, glory, and honor. McPherson found both rebels and Yankees to have given similar reasons, except, as expected , on the subject of slavery.In doing his topical index, McPherson inserted other attitudes, motives, and types of experiences the soldiers recorded as the same soldiers followed their reasons for fighting which may be adventure, , desertion, cowardice, the draft, skulking, coercion, desertion. The other reasons for fighting include pursuit of promotion, combat stress, rage, poor morale and homesickness. Using some principles from the work of John A. Lynn, McPherson was steered by three categories of motivation: First is initial motivation, followed by sustaining motivation and finally combat motivation.It was found out the group cohesion and peer pressure were indeed powerful factors in combat motivation and were also connected to the multifaceted mixture of concepts of duty, honor, patriotism , ideology, community of peer pressure and manhood that prompted these soldiers enlist in the army, first place. McPherson then argued for a more relevant relationship among these three categories for Civil War soldiers compared with others’ work major appeal of this book is the purely interesting, sometimes awesome, but always brief stories the soldiers tell to express their reasons for fighting.2. 4 Is there basis to take Soldiers’ Writings at Face Value? McPherson had asked questions whose answers appear from the dairies and letters of soldiers he reviewed . He is therefore, inclined to take what they say at face value. From an objective historian’s point of view, it may be asked whether there is basis to take the writings at their face value. By making his title: For Cause of Comrades, McPherson appeared to have taken upon himself that what he got from the diaries and letter is really what the authors to communi cate.As a general rule a diary is something personal where if the issue is truthfulness of its contents, this researcher therefore would like to give credence the validity of those events happening with the official function of the knowledge as made known to the faculties. Although McPherson's findings represented to have the many letters, he was just trying to extract the motives from those statements. It may be argued that people react differently to situations and reactions to situations could be numerous or the context from which statements were made do really vary hence they could be capable of different meanings.Psychology is different field from law. Although in both field, motives may be used to predict behavior, the predicted behavior may really vary from the actual result. Trying to infer what was the motive by reading statements would have the characteristics of being speculative. If speculation could be away of learning for something that will come then by all means it s hould used not sparingly since the cost could be higher if futures are not studied well in the content of agreement. Motives as used by McPherson has catalogued are not the same as actual events as proved evidence.Realities cannot be equated with simple extraction from testimonies found in letters or diaries. The same argument may hold even by a quantitative statistical analysis of all the letters ever written, combined with sociological, cultural, linguistic, and psychological, principles. It may therefore be safely deduced that motives standing by themselves and by their very nature, possess few of the necessary attributes of fact. One could accept the at the most what could be done in the diaries and letters is just the option of speculation. Fortunately but speculation as sometime done have become useful sometimes.One could therefore speculate on the motive for fighting based on reading the from the testimony of soldiers on their motives for fighting, in terms of the level of co nsciousness motive as they say their own piece of their own stories. In psychology many thing is possible as it could be possible that while at certain time, the writer's conscious motive is to reassure, it is also possible that his unconscious motive is self-delusion. If the soldier asks his own self why he needs to the joining the draft, and thereby answered is religion, then such is a prerogative of any person.Taking the words of soldiers at their face value must be given credence given this may even be sustained in the court of law. In law the express meanings of the word are given preference over the implied meaning. The probability therefore that contents of the diaries are true is more than not has a good chance of being upheld. 2. 5 Questions based on Answers McPherson's latest study on the motives of soldiers from their letters and diaries may be considered as an achievement itself as for further exploration and speculation.Having perhaps taken a necessary first step, while none of the reasons he gives are new, he has assembled together many colorful testimonials of soldier who have the chance to be part of the actual war. He just set to do the laying out of they soldier's own stated reason and he must be given credit for thoroughly doing in good order, and in a readable style. But to consider his approach, as if it has accomplished everything or in a context where he has already provided almost the final answers would be too simplistic.To substitute what could otherwise be an inherently complex dynamic issue where other researcher’s may take several steps further a powerful lead to further research. Some of the questions that could be asked form his work include: Is the person talking or writing a ranking or non-ranking soldier. Is the same soldier from the South or from the North. His work may not be fully compared with the work of Sam Watkins who was part of the Confederates. Having a person interpreting what other people are saying is diffe rent form having the person who actually did it to say.To the appreciate the concept, having a person to testify in court will carry more wait than a mere affidavit of a deposition taken from that person. Sam Watkins may therefore have the chance to write the most famous and most complex memoirs in â€Å"Co. Aytch† as one who was there could actually explain it more fully. The other question that could be asked included the place where the soldier is at the time he writes. This could be Winter quarters, his home, a hospital or a even prison or on a ship. Another angle is the reason for writing which is the immediate reason. Does the writer write to reassure?to reproach? to brag and to justify? Having perhaps answered to these question would make separate research that would further really explain that is causing people to go to war. The fact that one writes in a letter, a diary, or a memoir where each is different from the other. To have a deeper truth is to ask the author to whom does he write? This will normally taking to a mother, a grandmother, a father, a grandfather, a brother, a sister, a uncle, a aunt, a cousin. The following individuals people such a friend, a sweetheart, a politician, a teacher, a wife, a little child, or even fellow soldier.What is logical is a different rhetoric is aimed at each person in this array of types. It is therefore logical to a writer to anticipate the response of his audience. If the audience is one of a variety of people or oneself, a relevant question is would include trying to persuade with such rhetoric, oneself or the other person, or both. Answers to these many questions would provide a complex setting for answers to the question McPherson poses. He doesn't pose these related questions; he does not, therefore, attempt to answer them.He has acquitted himself well of an historian's task: to state a subject that deserves research, uncover what's in the record, and then give a report of the matter. But one shoul d not expect an historian to deal with questions that can be answered most effectively by experts in other disciplines. Most questions about the Civil War are simplistically posed and simplistically answered, because each question is asked is isolation of all or most others, and asked from the perspective of a single discipline. The Civil War in most of its aspects defies single-perspective explanations.Answers to McPherson's question are most useful after the most perspectives have been brought to bear. This is a task of interdisciplinary study: psychology, linguistic anthropology, statistical analysis, cultural geography, religion, political science, social science, literary criticism, military science, etc. No one discipline serves well enough. Such is the art of making further studies in the work of others . The relevancy of questions posed will have now to consider the possibilities for multidisciplinary approaches to address such complex questions.The McPherson's book appendix es points the way to the larger, more complex job to be done. There is indeed the need for more direct interpretation of McPherson's quotations in light of such information is needed. The presence of geographical distribution of white Confederate and of white Union soldiers and their occupations, a provide a mutual misunderstanding. It could thus be asserted the Civil War, was a class war–a rich man's war, but a poor man's fight. What come s next is the unanswerable question that remained? What were the reasons of the poor and illiterate, the white, the black and the foreign born to fight in going to War.3 Conclusions The most important factors that led men to join and stay with armies vary but according to McPherson’s For Cause and Comrades, basically there must be a cause that is defined with the individual level. Fighting for comrades is a cause itself but other soldiers have expressed these reasons in other ways which McPherson was able to extract and categorized f rom the letters and diaries and soldiers involved in the war. McPherson has provided readers with the means to start on asking major questions whose answer may be applied to later years such as the reconstruction era.The same answers may also illuminate one’s understanding of the evolution of the American character from 1865 to the current chapter in our history. The answers may be used also to deal with the legacy of violence, racism, distrust of government, and economic instability, in understanding the lives that Americans have in understanding others who are enduring or surviving the crucible of Civil War around the globe. Understanding the why men and women of past fight may help the Americans to deal with those wars from within and from without more effectively.Knowledge of inner reasons is good starting point of really doing a research that points the wisdom of learning from experience. The value if learning is therefore not to commit the same mistake. The book of Watk inson the other hand was written by a Confederate private who served in the Army of Tennessee for nearly the entirety of the Civil War. Having been extracted from diaries of the author during the war, it carries more credence than that of McPherson since this memoir of civil war experiences from a private's perspective is priceless in terms of primary source material.Watkins was found to be frank and impenitent, thus his book is possessed of a quality that gives the historian with unique material in terms of dealing with the sentiments that the non-elite confederates often held. Watkins’s frankness is almost certainly the most important feature of this work. His hatred of Yankees and the same level as his hatred of some of the Confederate command proposes an individual who most likely defies current simple philosophy of Yankee/Rebel mentality. Watkins is often amusing, especially when reflecting upon feelings that we would now understand as being imbedded in â€Å"class stru ggle†.Of course, Watkins’s frankness extends to his views of blacks and slaves, illuminating an individual who was both racist and yet not in the generally held conventional manner. This paper also considered the ways in which those reasons differed between North and South, and is making a resolution why the resolve to fight largely collapsed in the Confederacy by 1865, while it continued to endure in the North. The earlier collapse in the Confederacy by 1965 may be explained by the fact that the Conferacy often used slaves as naval crewmembers and soldiers, the African American soldiers were paid less than white soldiers.And the African American soldiers were discriminated against and served in segregated units under the command of white officers. It may be given emphasis that the knowledge of knowing the motivation of soldiers would be a good way to prevent a destruction of life that must come out of the war. It is said that not any one really win in war in perfect ma nner for whoever goes of war faces the risk of possible loss of life. Work Cited: McPherson , For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War (Paperback) Oxford University Press, USA, Aug 28, 1998 Watkins, and Inge, Company Aytch, Plume; Subsequent edition (November 1, 1999)

Famous Creative Thinkers Essay

In this assignment there are several great creative thinkers to choose from for completion. After reading through the list James Hal Cone and Grace Hopper became the choices. The reasoning was these individuals were so different in their paths of success, or for better word accomplishments. Both are extraordinary people; however their journeys are profoundly different, however both are instrumental in worthy contributions in society and the world. Throughout this paper we will uncover and discover Cone and Hopper purpose, passion, and for one even pain. James Hal Cone was born August 5, 1938 in Fordyce Arkansas, to Charles and Lucy Cone. Early in Cone childhood he was introduced to religion and had a strong spiritual guidance. James was an intelligent child who went on to graduate from high school at age 16, at which time he became a minister. Cone beginnings started with being brought up in a segregated part of Arkansas, where people of color were discriminated against and treated u nfairly. James early in life reflected upon the social injustices of the poor, blacks, and women. Cone took the treatment to heart early along with his religious background and became a minister at 16, starting to address the differences of treatment. During his early life at college he was a minister at several churches. However during his early period of college and ministry the civil rights movement started evolving and he noticed Martin Luther King. Through that introduction of Dr. King he realized his true direction was ministry and attended Theological Seminary getting a M.A. and Ph.D. James acquired four degrees in a seven year span, a man on a mission with an extraordinary mind. Two things directed Hal’s path pain of discrimination and coming to know Jesus. After graduation with his Ph.D. in theology, Hal went on to be a professor of religious studies, still believing in nonviolence. During this period changes came with Malcolm X, northern riots, and Stokely Carmichael’s   call to â€Å"Black Power† (This Far by Faith, 2015). The direction of society from two important men King and X, initiated Hal’s influence of empowering African Americans Christianity from slavery, segregation and justice in society. Hal knew through theology he could address the issue and started writing introducing black liberation theology. What Hal orchestrated was self-worth with assimilation of the black power movement, addressing social and racial justice for black people, freeing them from oppression economically and spiritually. Ideally Hal wanted to empower people through Christianity beliefs; however he addressed the separate treatment of the poor, oppressed and blacks in the Christian community. Hal eventually wrote many books that were supported and criticized because of his criticism of white theologians not addressing the struggle and differential treatment of the African American people as far back as slavery. Hal also went to speak in China and Latin America concerning the lack of address of people of color being oppressed, poor and oppression as Christians. He took a stand against segregation and mistreatment of all people on a theologian podium. James Hal took theology using it as a tool towards the individuality that contributed to the history, existence, and civilization of black people. Hal thinking really was devised from his thought of how can people be Christians, but be ok with the injustices of segregation. With Hal coming of age during the civil rights movement had a major effect on his social consciousness. This was a period (civil rights movement) where it was obvious that black people were being mistreated, even among white Christians. Hal took the stand against the treatment even though it was not a popular decision. For James it became unacceptable for Christians to treat people differently than what the bible taught, â€Å"Love your neighbor as you love yourself†. Even though it appeared Hal writings and views were racially motivated, by earlier content, Hal knew his sentiments was to empower Christian people to realize that in spite of their skin color they were of value and deserve to be treated accordingly. Through it all the process that Hal used to devise his plan of action came from evaluating and analyzing the information obtained from his personal experience, observation and communication. Armed with those factors of critical thinking he creatively started changing how people of color, women, oppressed, and poor people thought about themselves spiritually. Hal later realized that terms used to address white Christians was impropriate  and that he could have addressed the issue differently, still standing on his beliefs, that there should be no racism or segregation in the church. James Hal Cone the pioneer for making people aware of the segregation that should never be acceptable in the theologian Christian community, God created all people equal and God is in respect of no man. Grace Hopper computer scientist and that is speaking lightly of her accomplishments and creativity. Grace Hopper was born December 6, 1906, as Grace Brewster Murray in New York. Born during a period that girl were not normally educated, Grace parents believed just the opposite. Grace was not a traditional girl, on one account she was fascinated with the working of a clock, at seven she dismantled the clock. Her actions were based on how does the alarm clock work? As the story goes she dismantles all the clocks in her home, first sign of her tenacity, innovation and perseverance (Hopper Biography- Mac Tutor of Mathematics, 2015). Grace attended private school and went to earn a college degree in mathematics from Vassar College. From 1928 to 1931 she achieved marriage, along with a M.A. degree from Yale University. Three years later Grace was an associate professor with a Ph. D., however with all her accomplishments her real passion was to join the military. Opportunity presented itself when the United States entered the Second World War, unbeknownst to Grace she was too old and to slight in weight. However not one to take no for an answer she persuaded the Navy to enlist her at the old age of 37, unheard of especially for a woman. Mission accomplished she’s a Navy woman with her first orders to start working on the Harvard Mark I computer, she was elated. The computer took her back to childhood, now she really could dismantle the computer and make adjustments, becoming the first woman to program the Mark I. She is in her element and making strives, moving forward. Grace went on to play a significant role in the creation of the Mark II and III computer program. After retiring from the Navy she developed with a team the UNIVAC computer, along with an upgrade compiler. While still being employed at a computer corporation, Grace and team developed the first English – language data processing computer (Hopper Biography –Mac Tutor Mathematics, 2015). Grace was the pioneer behind the first English language computer being in existence. Before the team and Grace developed the language computer, computers were  only mathematically designed. There was only word numbers, no words had come into computer existence. Now computers with business language existed, which people in the computer world thought was not possible. The COBOL (common business – oriented language computer came into existence in 1959 changing the world. Grace had creative ideas before the time frame of computers starting with an alarm clock. With her ability for mathematics, brilliant mind, and education she was able to accomplish the beginning of the computer language, which have gone on to universal success. Grace had no restraints, what she set out to do she did. In spite of the times she had courage, direction, daring, and most important she did not have an established pattern for her creativity thinking. At all levels she challenged herself with a range of ideas; from discovery, defining, designing, and developing the computer with the English language. She was the lady behind the computer bug (Berni Dwan, Irish Times, 2001). Her biggest obstacle was being a female in an area of men and times when women were not so easily accepted in the corporate world, especially the unknown like computers. References Blake, John. â€Å"America’s ‘Angriest’ Theologian Faces Lynching Tree.† CNN Belief Blog. http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2012/04/21/americas-angriest-theologian-faces-lynching-tree/?hpt=hp_c1 (accessed April 23, 2012). â€Å"James H. Cone.† Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York. http://www.utsnyc.edu//Page.aspx?pid=353 (accessed June 15, 2011). BLACK THEOLOGY AND IDEOLOGY: DEIDEOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS IN THE THEOLOGY OF JAMES H. CONE (Book). By: Hayes, Diana L., Theological Studies, 00405639, Dec2003, Vol. 64, Issue 4 http://www.pbs.org/thisfarbyfaith/people/james_cone.html Grace Hopper. (2015). The Biography.com website. Retrieved 01:15, Mar 23, 2015, from http://www.biography.com/people/grace-hopper-21406809 http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hopper.html Programming’s amazing grace she developed the first program to translate computer instructions from english into machine language and gave the world the computer `bug’. berni dwan looks back at the life and work of grace hopper. (2001, May 21). Irish Times Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/309366344?accountid=358 Famous Creative Thinkers

Gambling in Victoria, Australia essays

Gambling in Victoria, Australia essays When one thinks of the Great Southern Land, one hardly associates the term Gambling Capital with our wide-open spaces and pristine coastlines. Why is it, then, that approximately 82% of adult Australians gamble - the highest current rate in the world? Gambling has become a progressively predominant, but clandestine problem in Australia, with Victoria now leading the way in being the state most heavily reliant on gambling revenue. Government figures released in this years budget show that Victoria will collect about $1.4 billion in gambling taxes this financial year, a figure that represents more than $300 for every person in the state. Similarly, gambling expenditures (losses) more than doubled per capita in real terms in Australia over the past decade. They trebled in Victoria. This, combined with the increasingly critical circumstances surrounding problem gamblers, gives rise to the question of whether the number of gambling opportunities in Victoria should be reduced. Whilst gambling comes in many forms, it is clear that poker machines are at the head of Victorias gambling problem. These destructive mechanisms have now overtaken all other forms of gambling, and in the last financial year alone, Victorians spent $6.5 million a day on poker machines, which is about nine times the amount lost in 1992-93, when poker machines were first introduced. Indeed - pokie taxes have become a crucial source of revenue for the Victorian Government. More than 11 per cent of State Government taxes come from poker machines, and it is anticipated that this will exceed $900 million this financial year (2002/3). It has been estimated that in the light of the increase in gambling expenditure, problem gamblers account for one-third of all gambling and 42 per cent of poker machine gambling. Additionally, the Productivity Commission report found that 2.3% of adult Australians have extensive gambling problems, losing more than...

The Disappearance of Afro-Argentines and Colonialism essays

The Disappearance of Afro-Argentines and Colonialism essays At first glance of the current Buenos Aires, one would pre-conclude that the population is purely white or of European ancestry. However, after reading the book authored by George Reid Andrews, one would think otherwise. As the author noted in his book, the population of the Afro-Argentines who obviously were in existence during the 1800s did not dwindle to nothing as many people described it. The mass of historical commentary on the Afro-Argentines disappearance have explained the phenomena as the result of four main reasons. The first being that the Afro-Argentines had been drafted and then perished during the wars of the nineteenth century in large numbers. The second reason was because Afro-Argentine women were faced with the shortage of men of their own race, they turned to the European male immigrants as partners, also in hopes of producing lighter-skinned children who would have a chance of upward social mobility. The third explanation was that low birth rates and high mortality rates were especially pronounced in the Afro-Argentine communities because of their unsanitary living conditions and their inability provide for their young due to the lack of men and their low social status. Th e fourth reason was that slavery was abolished and the import of slaves had declined dramatically. While all the reasons listed above were valid and has unquestionably contributed to the wane of the Afro-Argentine population, they were superficial, a facade for the underlying factor of their seeming demise. The beginning of the decline of the Afro-Argentine population was marked by the censuses taken starting from the early 1800s. The author proposes that blacks were underrepresented in the censuses taken during that period because of a variety of causes. In his opinion, since they lived in the least desirable houses and neighborhoods, many census takers were most likely unwilling to venture into those places to complete their...

Challenges Faced by Immigrants

Challenges faced by immigrants Thousands of families have left home due to the changing environment of all ages. Regardless of whether you are forced to make such a decision or not, all immigrants must bear the physical and psychological challenges encountered in the process. Talking about the experiences of all these different people using the same idea and example would be very inaccurate. However, they all have to experience similar circumstances and deal with similar problems. One of the first challenges faced by immigrants is the cost of immigration. Because many immigrants are looking for a better economic situation in a new country, the cost of emigration can be enormous for them. It is not unusual for immigrants to liquidate their assets (which can cause a lot of losses), and that move can afford. Furthermore, during immigration control, many people do not have a job, so they have to find a job after they settle down. Most of the issues related to immigration are related to t he absorption of life in the recipient country. Many immigrants receive low-wage jobs until they adapt to society, get houses, and receive education. Immigrants must learn a new way of life and be acquainted with the language and laws of the recipient country. Many immigrants leave their country to escape persecution, but host countries may face discrimination and even racial discrimination. As the number of immigrants increases, many countries face the challenge of building citizens' identity and accepting immigrants. In some countries, we are making comprehensive efforts to raise immigrants' sense of belonging to host countries. For example, Canada has the highest permanent residency in the world. The Canadian government encourages immigrants to develop a sense of belonging to Canada and promotes the concept of more comprehensive national identity, including those born in Canada and immigrants. In some countries it is not very comprehensive. For example, Russia experienced two maj or immigrants, the 1990s and 1998 and beyond. Immigrants are deemed negative by Russian citizens and are considered unwelcome and insulting customers. Immigrants are considered outsiders and are excluded from sharing the identity of the citizens of Russia. Challenges Faced by Immigrants Challenges faced by immigrants Thousands of families have left home due to the changing environment of all ages. Regardless of whether you are forced to make such a decision or not, all immigrants must bear the physical and psychological challenges encountered in the process. Talking about the experiences of all these different people using the same idea and example would be very inaccurate. However, they all have to experience similar circumstances and deal with similar problems. One of the first challenges faced by immigrants is the cost of immigration. Because many immigrants are looking for a better economic situation in a new country, the cost of emigration can be enormous for them. It is not unusual for immigrants to liquidate their assets (which can cause a lot of losses), and that move can afford. Furthermore, during immigration control, many people do not have a job, so they have to find a job after they settle down. Most of the issues related to immigration are related to t he absorption of life in the recipient country. Many immigrants receive low-wage jobs until they adapt to society, get houses, and receive education. Immigrants must learn a new way of life and be acquainted with the language and laws of the recipient country. Many immigrants leave their country to escape persecution, but host countries may face discrimination and even racial discrimination. As the number of immigrants increases, many countries face the challenge of building citizens' identity and accepting immigrants. In some countries, we are making comprehensive efforts to raise immigrants' sense of belonging to host countries. For example, Canada has the highest permanent residency in the world. The Canadian government encourages immigrants to develop a sense of belonging to Canada and promotes the concept of more comprehensive national identity, including those born in Canada and immigrants. In some countries it is not very comprehensive. For example, Russia experienced two maj or immigrants, the 1990s and 1998 and beyond. Immigrants are deemed negative by Russian citizens and are considered unwelcome and insulting customers. Immigrants are considered outsiders and are excluded from sharing the identity of the citizens of Russia. Challenges Faced by Immigrants Challenges faced by immigrants Thousands of families have left home due to the changing environment of all ages. Regardless of whether you are forced to make such a decision or not, all immigrants must bear the physical and psychological challenges encountered in the process. Talking about the experiences of all these different people using the same idea and example would be very inaccurate. However, they all have to experience similar circumstances and deal with similar problems. One of the first challenges faced by immigrants is the cost of immigration. Because many immigrants are looking for a better economic situation in a new country, the cost of emigration can be enormous for them. It is not unusual for immigrants to liquidate their assets (which can cause a lot of losses), and that move can afford. Furthermore, during immigration control, many people do not have a job, so they have to find a job after they settle down. Most of the issues related to immigration are related to t he absorption of life in the recipient country. Many immigrants receive low-wage jobs until they adapt to society, get houses, and receive education. Immigrants must learn a new way of life and be acquainted with the language and laws of the recipient country. Many immigrants leave their country to escape persecution, but host countries may face discrimination and even racial discrimination. As the number of immigrants increases, many countries face the challenge of building citizens' identity and accepting immigrants. In some countries, we are making comprehensive efforts to raise immigrants' sense of belonging to host countries. For example, Canada has the highest permanent residency in the world. The Canadian government encourages immigrants to develop a sense of belonging to Canada and promotes the concept of more comprehensive national identity, including those born in Canada and immigrants. In some countries it is not very comprehensive. For example, Russia experienced two maj or immigrants, the 1990s and 1998 and beyond. Immigrants are deemed negative by Russian citizens and are considered unwelcome and insulting customers. Immigrants are considered outsiders and are excluded from sharing the identity of the citizens of Russia.

Rent and Urban Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rent and Urban Economics - Essay Example According to this theory, there are factors which constitute the differences in locations and it includes localized materials, amenities and transport cost (Answers.com). Von Thnen posits that transportation costs constitutes or consumes Ricardo's economic rent that's why "because these transportation costs and, of course, economic rents, vary across goods, different land uses and use intensities will result with distance from the marketplace". In the table we observed differences in rates across the different locations. The theory suggests that part of this difference is accrued to the transportation cost. Real Estates including residential areas near the industrial and commercial districts are priced higher than those which are farther. This is explained by the differences in transportation cost as the former requiring minimal time, effort and financial costs in travelling. We expect that the commercial districts house the necessaries that consumers usually go to such as the office, schools, groceries, malls, shops and others. In this theory, the West End is obviously in the advantage against the City, making its rent prices higher. The difference in prices is necessary as can be explained by the simple law of supply and demand. If the rent prices are the same with the West End and the City, there will be shortage of space in the West End resulting to overcrowding while none will stay in the City. In the presence of excess demand, the owners of land will be able to increase the price, thereby creating a disparity between the West End and the City price. Simply put, the law of demand will work for the land owners, maintaining the price differences between the two locations. Amenities are also better in the West End than the City. Being the centre of industry and commerce, amenities will be located in the cities making it more attractive and nearer to residence in the West End. This adds convenience to those who are in this place, thus it has to be compensated by a higher price. Von Thnen also mentioned the difference in land use and intensity causing differences in prices (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.). Since the land in the West end is mainly used for commercial purposes, where tenants expect a higher return than in the City, land prices can be increased. Von Thnen also mentioned the importance of centrality in pricing, saying that "it was density of population increasing the profitability of commerce and providing for the division and specialization of labour that commanded higher municipal rents" (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.) FLUCTUATING RENTAL RATES The simple law of supply and demand can be used to explain cyclical pattern in rents. Both locations, the City and the West End show fluctuation in rental rates. Some empirical studies have identified reasons for this. We are going to study each factor and relate it to existing economic theories. It has been found that employment growth account for the fluctuations in rental rate (Robert H. Edelstein). Accordingly, employment growth affects per capita income in a positive direction. With income being a determinant of demand, high employment growth will cause high demand for housing and land. With the increased capacity to purchase, over-all demand for space will be increased thereby increasing the prices of houses, offices and lands. This is observed at the time in 1973 and 1974, in 1987-1990, 2000-20001, and 2007-2008 in

Evelyn monologue Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evelyn monologue - Coursework Example Am paying for all my deeds. I should be ashamed of my deeds. I let her down, I disregarded the fact that she is now a grown up and not a child any more. But come to think of it, how did she discover? It must have been my mother. Yeah its my mother who told her about my past. How could she. Thanks to her I have lost the only thing I had in the world, no husband, my daughter is gone now, I have no one. I wish I had been more open to her as she grew up. This could not have happened at all. If only I had let in on the truth, things could have been easier for her to handle. I can only imagine the shock she had when she finally heard the truth. If I had worked hard to build a relationship with Faith, if only I was a good mother. I regret the times I did not come home until late at night. I should have made more time for her, to talk to her to share her fears and let her see the world through my eyes. I should have known one day this would happen and I would not have a second chance at doing these things. I should have given my mother so much freedom to talk to my daughter, Faith; look where it has put all of us. I remember my childhood with tears I never had enough time with my parents. They were ever out working; making sure we had a roof over our head and food on our table. My perception of the world was through my friends. Who used to mock me for being Jewish. I heard that part of my life for my daughter, with the aim of protecting her. I did not want her to be mocked by other children, the way it happened to me. No one would want their children to experience prejudicism that is why I did my best at keep that side of me away from my daughter, I thought the less that she knew the better it would have been for her. After having spent so little time with my mother during my childhood, I decided to let her move in with me so we could at least try to catch up. However, this was never to be, we are like strangers. All she does is to meddle in my

Students Learning Abilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Students Learning Abilities - Essay Example Students are often advised by teachers and other elders to study for examinations over a period of time, as opposed to ‘cramming’ on the day before a test. Experimental research shows that spacing, a process where information is acquired in small bits over a period of time, allows better retention of facts in memory than when massed learning is used, where it is attempted to absorb all the information in one short sitting. However, the practice of cramming continues- mainly because many students succeed in getting through their examinations by this practice.In the experiments on spaced learning cited above, rote-learning was emphasized on, and participants had to recall facts. The experiments involved testing only vocabulary or obscure facts, which occupy only a small part of education. Whether the subjects were interested or enthusiastic about memorizing these facts and words is not certain. Interest in a topic has been found to have a notable effect on memory and recal l. Thus, it would be interesting to discover if the benefit of spacing persists if the information to be learned is to be understood, not just memorized, and is of particular interest to the student. My hypothesis is that test scores will be significantly higher when the studying is spaced out over days rather than done right before the test, even when a student is highly interested and enthusiastic about a subject - provided that there are no other conditions that would affect test performance.... Thus, it would be interesting to discover if the benefit of spacing persists if the information to be learned is to be understood, not just memorized, and is of particular interest to the student. My hypothesis is that test scores will be significantly higher when the studying is spaced out over days rather than done right before the test, even when a student is highly interested and enthusiastic about a subject - provided that there are no other conditions that would affect test performance. This prediction is based on my observation that very good students who do well on exams usually begin preparing for tests well ahead of time. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of spacing on test results when the topic is of academic interest to the students. Methods This is an experimental study to determine the difference in test results when two different preparatory approaches are used. The independent study variable will be the type of studying routine that was used, and t he student’s status as being interested in Biology or not. The average test score of the group will be the dependent variable. An experimental design has been chosen in order to ensure that the test preparation time and preparatory material covered is similar and measurable for all the participants in a group. Biology has been chosen as the subject, as it involves reading and understanding, not just memorizing of facts, and is a topic which is highly interesting for some students, and the opposite for others. Various confounding factors could affect the results of this study. First, a group with a higher number of smarter students would have a higher average score. To control for this factor, participants will be assorted into the groups using stratification for

Does modern music negatively influence children Research Paper

Does modern music negatively influence children - Research Paper Example 77 percent of rap music that was studied referred to alcohol and drug abuse, moreover, girls aged between 14 and 18 that watched these music videos were one and half times more likely to drink and use drugs2. Rap music also makes frequent references to guns and shootings, robbery and violence and revenge gang attacks against rival gangs that tend to influence and promote violent behavior. â€Å"Music also affects children’s sexual development, those who listened to music with lyrics that objectified and limited characterizations of sexuality reported a faster progression in their own sexual behavior†3. This is as opposed to children who are taught to listen to classical music by the likes of Mozart and Mendelssohn, which tend to be more successful and college prepared than those that have not been trained to listen to such kind of music4. The argument about whether or not music negatively affects children is inconclusive because, while some findings suggest music, for example, rap advocate violent behavior some findings suggest that music can be used as an anti-violent tool where rap was used for an anti- violence function in South Bronx, New York neighborhoods in the late 1970s5. Music is also considered a stress and anxiety reliever, it is used to destruct the mind from pain and hence calms the listener reliving them from pain stress (Bel Marra Health)6. Hence, an extensive research should be done to conclude concretely whether music has a negative or positive impact on

Silk Road Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Silk Road - Essay Example â€Å"Both terms for this network of roads†, as Joshua J Mark notes, â€Å"were coined by the German geographer and traveler, Ferdinand von Richthofen, in 1877 CE, who designated them `Seidenstrasse’ (silk road) or `Seidenstrassen’ (silk routes)† (Pars. 1). After its establishment during the Han Dynasty in 130 BCE, the commercial routes have been regularly used by different peoples until the Ottomans imposed blockade on the routes in 1453 CE in order to cut off the Europeans’ commercial relation with the East. Along the passage of time, the routes have played significant roles in the international military as well as cultural relationships among the ancient and medieval nations. At any given point of history, the â€Å"Silk Routes† also have â€Å"played the role of a determiner of international relationship† (Elisseeff 45). Therefore, the routes have undergone various transformations, additions and often contractions according to the natures of the existing socio-political, geographical and cultural milieus of the world. Early History of the Silk Routes Historians popularly believe that the â€Å"Silk Routes† had been established in 130 BCE during the Han Dynasty. But in reality, its history dates back in the 5th century BCE to the 3rd century BCE, when the commercial relationships among the nations were being determined by the imperial influences and control over countries and nations. Before Alexander’s military enterprise began to expand eastward, the commercial relationship of Europe with Eastern nations was not that deep and intense. Instead, the Greeks and the Romans would maintain their commercial and trade relationship with few of the Middle Eastern nations such the Syrians and the Persians who were then in control of the Achaemenid Empire, and sometimes, with the Indian nations through the â€Å"Persian Royal Road† which would â€Å"come to serve as one of the main arteries of the Silk Road, was established during the Achaemenid Empire (500-330 BCE)† (Mark pars. 2). In fact, the commercial route between the Greeks-Romans and the Middle-Eastern had been facilitated by the Mare Internum maritime route, in the Mediterranean Sea, which easily connected the Greeks and the Roman City states with the Middle East, and by the Syrian-Persian Terrain which was much friendly to the merchants. This western commercial route, which stretched to the Indian Subcontinent, achieved individuality because of its contribution to the growth of regional commerce among those countries (Elisseeff 56-62). Though the Persian Achaemenids maintained intermittent trade relationship with the Chinese, it was not as frequent as it was with the Greeks and the Romans. After Alexander the Great conquered the Persians in 339 BCE, the root of the ‘Persian Royal Road’ (the predecessor of the Silk Routes) further became solidified. Yet the west’s commercial relationship wit h China did not open up. By the time, the Greco Bactrian was ruling in Fergana Valley of Neb of Tajikistan, Central Asia, the Han Dynasty was struggling against the nomadic Mongolian invaders of the Xiongu on the north-western border of China. The harassments

Branding - Facebook Development Opportunities Assignment

Branding - Facebook Development Opportunities - Assignment Example This is mainly because; the craze of online media is increasing at a rapid pace as compared to others. Among many other social networking sites, face-book is one of the most renowned and prominent site. It helps in attracting a large array of customers towards the brand thereby presenting various feedback, comments and likes. As a result, an entrepreneur or marketer attains the facility of obtaining numerous customers from a single site thereby amplifying the profitability and brand image of the product among others. Other than this, the amount of investment over promotion or advertisement also gets reduced to a certain extent, which is quite worthy for an organization. And so, the level of revenues and profit margin of the brand also gets enhanced to a significant extent thereby amplifying its dominance in the market. This is the prime reason for which, maximum extent of the marketers or entrepreneurs in today’s age desire to select online networking site Facebook for the pro motion of their products or services. The report is presented in two parts. The first part depicts the strengths and challenges faced by the social networking site, face-book in this globe among others. Along with this, it also includes the threats and weakness faced by the site, due to extreme bargaining power of the buyers and extensive rivalry among the existing parties. On the other hand, the second part resembles the planning part of the networking site, face-book. This part mainly reveals the need for repositioning of the site in the global market among other contending site. Part A- Report Overview of Face-book In order to cope up with the challenges of economic meltdown, promotion or advertisement is the most essential requirement. This is because, by promoting the effectiveness or features of a product or service, large array of customers might be attracted towards the brand. As a result of it, the demand and profit margin of the product might get enhanced thereby amplifying the reputation in the entre segment a mong others. However, this might be possible only with the help of a social networking site, face-book. It is recognised as the most essential and reputed site used for promotion of the products or services in this competitive age. As, maximum extent of the individual desire to visit this site for attaining valuable information and ideas, that might prove effective in future. So, if a single product is promoted in this site, huge traffic might be attracted within a very small time –frame as compared to any other advertisement media. Such a prominent invention came into limelight due to the extensive efforts of Mark Zuckerberg and Dustin Moskovitz, Chris Hughes, Eduardo Saverin in the year 2004. Within next one year i.e. by the end of 2005, Facebook attained a user base of 1 million. And so, it became one of the prominent sites for the marketers to promote their products or services. By doing so, the demand and brand value of the product or services might also be enhanced to a significant extent among others such as bing, Google +, yahoo, rediff etc. So, the importance and efficiency of face-book enhanced to a significant extent as compared to others. Macro environmental Analysis of Face-book PEST analysis is recognised as

Silk Road Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Silk Road - Essay Example â€Å"Both terms for this network of roads†, as Joshua J Mark notes, â€Å"were coined by the German geographer and traveler, Ferdinand von Richthofen, in 1877 CE, who designated them `Seidenstrasse’ (silk road) or `Seidenstrassen’ (silk routes)† (Pars. 1). After its establishment during the Han Dynasty in 130 BCE, the commercial routes have been regularly used by different peoples until the Ottomans imposed blockade on the routes in 1453 CE in order to cut off the Europeans’ commercial relation with the East. Along the passage of time, the routes have played significant roles in the international military as well as cultural relationships among the ancient and medieval nations. At any given point of history, the â€Å"Silk Routes† also have â€Å"played the role of a determiner of international relationship† (Elisseeff 45). Therefore, the routes have undergone various transformations, additions and often contractions according to the natures of the existing socio-political, geographical and cultural milieus of the world. Early History of the Silk Routes Historians popularly believe that the â€Å"Silk Routes† had been established in 130 BCE during the Han Dynasty. But in reality, its history dates back in the 5th century BCE to the 3rd century BCE, when the commercial relationships among the nations were being determined by the imperial influences and control over countries and nations. Before Alexander’s military enterprise began to expand eastward, the commercial relationship of Europe with Eastern nations was not that deep and intense. Instead, the Greeks and the Romans would maintain their commercial and trade relationship with few of the Middle Eastern nations such the Syrians and the Persians who were then in control of the Achaemenid Empire, and sometimes, with the Indian nations through the â€Å"Persian Royal Road† which would â€Å"come to serve as one of the main arteries of the Silk Road, was established during the Achaemenid Empire (500-330 BCE)† (Mark pars. 2). In fact, the commercial route between the Greeks-Romans and the Middle-Eastern had been facilitated by the Mare Internum maritime route, in the Mediterranean Sea, which easily connected the Greeks and the Roman City states with the Middle East, and by the Syrian-Persian Terrain which was much friendly to the merchants. This western commercial route, which stretched to the Indian Subcontinent, achieved individuality because of its contribution to the growth of regional commerce among those countries (Elisseeff 56-62). Though the Persian Achaemenids maintained intermittent trade relationship with the Chinese, it was not as frequent as it was with the Greeks and the Romans. After Alexander the Great conquered the Persians in 339 BCE, the root of the ‘Persian Royal Road’ (the predecessor of the Silk Routes) further became solidified. Yet the west’s commercial relationship wit h China did not open up. By the time, the Greco Bactrian was ruling in Fergana Valley of Neb of Tajikistan, Central Asia, the Han Dynasty was struggling against the nomadic Mongolian invaders of the Xiongu on the north-western border of China. The harassments

Robert Browning Essay Essay Example for Free

Robert Browning Essay Essay Browning gave life to the dramatic monologue and made it a distinctive and memorable poetic form. Browning was fascinated with human behaviour, particularly the darker side of humanity and he believed that the dramatic monologue enabled him to create very powerful masks and ‘tell the truth obliquely’. As we become aware that the characters are wearing masks, the layers of artifice or self-deception is where the real persona exits. Browning’s poems open the minds of his readers, allowing for exploration and the discovery of the dark side of human nature: in the context of his dramatic monologue, character revelations are discovered. In Robert Browning’s, My Last Duchess we are introduced to a rich, arrogant and authoritarian Duke of Ferara. Browning immediately establishes the technique apostrophe as the Duke begins to speak to an unseen character about his late wife. The Duke displays feelings of nervousness towards the death of his wife but also speaks in a revengeful and controlling tone. In comparison to the Duke is a young man who is tormented by an elderly man’s light blue eye in the short story ‘The Tell Tale Heart’ by Edger Allan Poe. Both main characters share personality flaws of the need for control over others and the lust for power and authority. Edger Allan Poe and Robert Browning demonstrate the use of an emerging theme in the Victorian era, ‘Goth’. This theme creates an externalisation of the composer’s characters, revealing their deepest passions and fears and the hunger for triumph of evil over good. Browning and Poe share the same love for the dark side of human nature and use the gothic theme to inject personality traits of insanity and madness into their characters. In the first sentence of ‘Tell Tale Heart’, the young man admits to being dreadfully nervous and asks us ‘but why would you think I’m mad?’ This immediately plants ideas of insanity and irrationalism in Poe’s character. Poe uses pathetic fallacy as a metonym as he speaks of the ‘night time darkness’ and with the quote â€Å"my secret deeds or thought†, this creates ideas of ‘the madness within’. Browning also taps into the thoughts of a madman in the characterisation of the Duke. The Duke speaks in favouritism of himself with high order and authority in his tone of voice. The Duke is blinded by his faults of vicious pride and revengeful jealousy over the lack of control in his Last Duchess and this  allows the audience to unravel the Dukes flaws and discover the villain that lay beneath. In the quote â€Å"This grew; I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together†, gives off the idea that the Duke enforced high power and control over his Duchess and uses double entendre to imply two possible meanings to his ideas of ‘then all smiles stopped’. Browning combines the contrasts of love and passion with violence and power to enable the depiction of a lovers mind. He reveals the macabre and grotesque side of a human’s urgency for companionship which in turn leads to insanity and madness in the eyes of a lover. â€Å"Youre the brother I never had. Im the brother you never had. I would do anything for you, Dickie†, is a quote from the film ‘The Talented Mr Ripley’; the story of a man named Tom Ripley who befriends a man names Dickie Greenleaf, becoming deeply infatuated by him and as Tom’s obsession grew it led to the grotesque murder and assumed identity of Dickie. This macabre murder performed by a jealous, love-crazed man can be presented in comparison with Robert Browning’s, ‘Porphyria’s Lover’; the first person recount of an anonymous narrator who kills his lover with her own hair. Both texts explore the urgency for everlasting human companionship that is driven by a lover’s madness. Porphyria’s lover uses powerful imagery, ‘shoulder bare’ and alliteration in ‘perfectly pure’ when he speaks of her beauty. Symbolism is also displayed in the name Porphyria which means rich and red in colour. This can symbolise either the grotesque murder of the Lover or the delicate but deep love expressed through Browning’s character. There is also the question of Tom Ripley’s sexuality. He is self-hating and ashamed as he stumbles about his desire for Dickie and tries to repress his sexual impulses. Empty and absent to himself, Ripley doesn’t merely want to poses the object of his affection, he wants to be him. In the quote, â€Å"I always thought itd be better to be a fake somebody than a real nobody†, shows Tom’s yearning to become a person of significance, someone to be sort after and loved. He shows personality traits of a psychotic man who would do anything to have a sense of belonging and purpose in life even if it meant assuming the identity of another to compensate for the loss of self- love within him. Browning invites his audience to uncover the real sense of truth  in his character’s situations that they do not discover themselves. He creates disequilibrium between what the speaker reveals about himself and thinks is the truth. The Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister and Doug Liman’s,’ The Bourne Identity’ are excellent examples of two strikingly vague men who are deceived by their own faults and follies and are unable to justify their real character traits. In the poem, Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister, Robert Browning creates a nameless Spanish monk full of hypocrisy and jealousy. Throughout the poem, this monk expresses opinions of both himself and a fellow monk. Yet these opinions are not what the monk really thinks of himself as can be deciphered by a closer examination of the text. The monk, who is the speaker of the poem, attempts to convince the reader that he is a just, moral man. However it becomes apparent to the audience that this monk carries many hidden flaws that he reveals to us throughout his ranting. An example is shown in stanza 4 as our deceitful monk describes a scene of two nuns, washing their hair outside. The monk accuses Brother Lawrence of lusting after them. However in the quote That is, if hed let it show suggests there is no actual evidence of such thoughts of Brother Lawrence, revealing that the speaker, alone, noticed a need for such lust. In contrast the fictional character and protagonist Jason Bourne is a very quick-thinking, linear type of person who moves quickly and brutally towards his goal. He gives the impression of someone who has been severely traumatized. Jason Bourne was on a search for his own identity and discovered the worst. Bourne reveals about himself that he is a grotesque assassin and he begins to run from the horrible truth but we as the audience are able to see what he is truly like and that as he runs away from the truth, Bourne is bringing the audience closer to the real truth of his identity. He tries to convince himself of who he isn’t, ‘I dont wanna know who I am any more, everything I found out, I want to forget’.

The Major Components Of Green Computing Information Technology Essay

The Major Components Of Green Computing Information Technology Essay As IT has become a major component in social infrastructure, it plays a vital role in humans life. Computing is a fast growing area which consumes energy a lot. A computer which performs well consumes lots of energy. It takes a lot of energy to create, package and retrieve data. With the development of the technologies, people tend to depend on these technologies more and more. It will lead us to many problems as energy is a non renewable resource. It will soon cost more to power a computer in future, than buying a new one today. Therefore we have to find methods, where we can minimize the wastage of energy while utilizing existing resources efficiently. Since computer plays a major role in our lives, demand for the energy, cost and wastage also increase dramatically. According to the Climate Saving Computing Initiative, the half of the power input to our PC is wasted without even reaching to the processor, memory, disk or any other component. Further, they have identified that added heat of the computer systems, inactive sleep and hibernate state of the computer and mal practices of using electronic equipments has a great impact in this energy wastage. It is estimated that out of $250 billion per year spent on powering computers worldwide only about 15% of that power is spent computing. The rest is wasted idling. Therefore, Green Computing is introduced in order to maximize the energy efficiency and increase the recyclability of products and the factory waste. Green Computing is focusing on creating technologies that help to preserve nature and minimize the bad effects of the technological development. Overview Green Computing is an echo friendly approach to the modern computing environment. It discusses about the ways of using computers in environmental friendly way. Â  The main focus of Green computing is reducing the environmental impact of industrial processes and innovative technologies caused by the Earths growing population and the ways of utilizing computer resources efficiently. It talks about serving social needs in a way which reduce the damage happen to the nature. Mainly this is talking about creating recyclable products, reducing pollution, providing alternatives to certain technological areas and etc. It is a concept which is already used in the IT environment. Researchers have found that most of the computers are not used for most of the time, but they are left running and many personal computers are left on unnecessarily. It leads to the high wastage of energy. These kinds of issues are also considered in Green Computing. It also talks about proper disposal of electronic w aste. Eco Friendly Computing Green Computing is also known as Green IT. Environmental sustainability, Energy efficiency, and the cost of disposal and recycling also includes in Green IT. History The Energy Star program commenced by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1992 was the first voluntary labelling program designed to promote and recognize energy efficiency. It is basically designed to promote and recognize energy efficiency in monitors, climate control equipments and other technologies. The term Green Computing immerged shortly after this Energy Star Program. The first function launched as a result of the Green Computing researches was the sleep mode function of computer monitor. Approaches to Green Computing In order to gain the environmental sustainability and efficient use of energy through computing there are four main paths to be taken. Green Use Using the computers and other related products in an efficient manner where the energy consumption is minimized. Green Disposal Reusing old computers, properly disposing and recycling other unwanted products. Green Design Designing energy efficient and environmentally friendly computers and accessories. Green Manufacturing Manufacturing computers and other related equipments in a way that they have a minimal effect to the environment. These four steps can be further spanned in to number of activities and areas. Efficient use of energy Power saving Server virtualization Environmental sustainable designing Responsible disposal and recycle Risk mitigation Use of renewable energy sources Eco- labelling Use of Green methodologies and assessment tools. As an initial step to the Green Computing the work habits of the individual computer users have to be changed. Most of the energy wastages regarding the personal computer usage happen because of the false beliefs regarding the computer usage. For an instance, people belief that when turning off a computer and turning on it back uses more energy than it leaving on. But the actual energy consumption of the computer when it boots up, is far less than the energy it uses when left on for more than three minutes. Further the use of notebook computers rather than using personal computers will also save energy. Moreover, people think that screen savers do save energy. But the fact is that they are designed to increase the lifetime of monochrome monitors. The screen savers will save energy if they actually turn off the screen or turn off the backlight of the laptops. By letting the users get to know about these facts will change their habits and it will lead to power utilization. When it comes to organizational level, many organizations have undertaken various kinds of activities as an approach to this Green IT. Telecommuting Virtualization VoIP Organizations have allowed their workers to work while being at home. This will help to reduce fuel emission at transportation. They are given all the necessary facilities to work. This is known as telecommuting. Virtualization refers to the consolidation of servers. It allows to two or more logical computer systems to run in one physical hardware. This leads minimum power consumption and maximum cooling. VoIP or Voice over Internet Protocol is a technology of voice transmission over internet or other packet switched networks. It reduces the telephone wiring infrastructure and is low cost. It is method of reducing metallic waste. Green business practices Green IT isnt just about energy efficiencies but also about operational efficiencies that can improve the organization. In most of the organizations, Green IT is practiced because of the explicit business drivers such as cost and the availability of the energy, cost of the equipments, cost of the data centres, business process optimization and performance and efficiency. When focusing on business optimization, few areas can be targeted which energy demand can be reduced and growth can be increased with the help of IT. Server and storage utilization and consolidation Server, storage, and application virtualization Technology and information life cycle strategies Energy measurement and management Green Information Strategy Under Green Information Strategy, the ways of managing and retaining information has been defined. The ways of collecting, classifying and archiving information are introduced in Green Information Strategy. It involves several key steps: Understanding the requirements for information retention and availability. Determining infrastructure requirements. Conducting continual strategic planning to meet economic and business conditions and demand. Measuring progress and adjusting the strategies. Information Lifecycle Management is a set of concepts which helps organizations to build processes and implement best practices for creating, storing, archiving, and dispose data. A variety of technologies and methodologies can be used in order to optimize the storage utilization. Then the amount of storage required and the energy used to power will be reduced. Maximizing data centre and server room efficiency Designing a data centre for maximum efficiency is complex and requires input from many disciplines not normally associated with IT. But most of the organizations dont have data centres. They have their IT equipments in a sever room. Server room is a data centre operated in a small scale. Here are few facts that have to be considered when designing a server room. Raised floor in computer rooms was the general accepted norm since vacuum tube era. Variable speed motors can tailor cooling power usage to need, producing substantial savings, and may prove less expensive in the long run though they are more expensive to purchase. The trend in servers is to pack more CPUs in to a single track. But when power densities get above 200 watts per square foot, because of the high heat generated, too much air is needed to remove the heat. Therefore racks (19-inch EIA-310-D standard) with built-in chillers or even water-cooled servers, become preferable. Use a large server. Replace physical servers with virtual servers. Blade servers Blade servers put each processor, memory and hard drive on one single card called blade. These blades are fixed in to a backplane. A single power supply, a shared cooling system, a shared network interface is used among the blades, which connected to a backplane. Replacing multiple servers with blade servers generally saves power and space. Green Storage Storage systems are among the systems which consume power and storage a lot. Drivers have to be full powered and running to be able to store data. Data Deduplication Data Deduplication is the term used for removing the duplicates. It examines the hard drive or the storage system and find out the duplicates and remove them. It effectively reduces the storage allocated for certain data file and allocates it to other additional data. It increases the capacity of your system. Thin Provisioning Thin provisioning is allocating right amount of storage is as needed. It helps to eliminate unused capacity. Storage can be used efficiently by allocating the required storage when it is needed and using storage management software to adjust it. As the storage is dynamically allocated the storage can be grown or shrink according to the application stored. Further storage management software can view applications simultaneously and allocate unused capacity as needed. Storage Virtualization Storage virtualization gets all the available capacity together from multiple storage systems and enables it to share, without requiring a change in storage hardware. By enabling sharing it avoids the trapped capacity, which is available but cannot be used by an application. Using Virtualization Multiple applications and multiple Operating systems can be run simultaneously with the use of virtual memory technology. Virtualization increases the utilization of computer systems by condensing applications into few servers. Therefore the number of required servers will be reduced. It reduced the power consumption of the data centres and the cooling requirements. Virtualization is one of the earliest paths to green, because when more than one application is run on a server (application consolidation) the number of servers required to support these applications is reduced. Fewer servers mean less power consumption and low energy requirement for cooling. Future Directions on Green Computing

Sociological Perspectives on Alcohol Use, Problems, and Policy Essay

It is unfortunate that many people within our society and worldwide suffers from the affects of alcohol addiction. There are many issues associated with this addiction and many times it’s not only the victim that deals with the addiction but also the people in close association with the individual. Alcohol addiction can afflict anyone and knows no limits of its damage that it can do to a person’s life or the people in their lives. Most importantly are the ones whom seek help for their addiction as it becomes a lifelong healing period for them. It has become clear that constant consumption of alcohol leads to addiction. It has also become clearer with the laws and policies that have been drawn up to combat drunk drivers that it is not a normal thing to do anymore as was thought to be normal in the late 60’s and early 70’s. This is not normal behaviour and it becomes clearer as the laws for drinking and driving is enforced by law enforcement officers. It is a duty for addiction workers to help in the aid of these problems and its laws and policies that help in putting a stop to some of the problems that arise from this addiction. This research paper will help enable sociologists to determine what the ongoing effects have on an alcoholic and further provides information on the long-term effects that society has to deal with. The significance of alcoholism and sociology is the ability of sociologists to research and discover how human behaviour is affected on many aspects of its effects on a person. An alcoholic can be described as someone who is addicted to drinking alcoholic beverages in excess. What starts out as social drinking can lead to excessive drinking and the many problems associated with alcohol abuse and i... ...y therapy in the treatment of alcohol-related problems: A review of behavioural family therapy, family systems theraphy and treatment matching research. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, (17)3, 13-23. Latham, P.K., & Napier, T.L. (1992). Psychosocial consequences of alcohol misuse in the family of origin. The International Journal of the Addictions, 27, 1137-1158. Murray, Jane Lothian, Linden, Rick and Kendall, Diane. (2011). SOCIOLOGY IN OUR TIMES, Fifth Canadian Edition by Nelson Education Limited, Published by Thomson Wadsworth, USA. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Office of Applied Studies). Treatment Episode Data Set(TEDS): Highlights-2003. National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services, Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, 2003. Walsh, F. (1998). Strengthening family resilience. New York: Guilford.